All Inclusive Bundle

This chapter reviews the important, basic cardiac anatomy and physiology needed to read electrocardiograms and rhythm strips. This includes the cardiac chambers, valves, electrical system, and circulatory system.

This chapter reviews the cardiac muscle action potential.

This chapter reviews how the ECG machine sees electrical impulses and translates them into the waves seen on the ECG.

This chapter reviews how the cardiac impulse propagates through the heart. Impulses typically start in the sinoatrial (SA) node, go through the atria, the atrioventricular (AV) node, and into the ventricles.

This video shows you the ECG calibrations.

This chapter reviews electrical waveforms. Topics include P-waves, QRS complexes, and T-waves. It reviews Q-waves, R-waves, S-waves, R prime (R'), R double prime (R''), S prime (S'), and S double prime (S'').

This chapter reviews the intervals of the electrical waveforms. Topics include the PR interval, QRS interval, and QT interval.

This chapter reviews telemetry monitors and basic telemetry setups.

This chapter reviews how to properly name rhythms. It emphasizes that rhythms are named by their location of origin and something about the heart rate.

This chapter shows several ways to determine the heart rate on an ECG or telemetry strip.

This chapter reviews sinus rhythms (rhythms that originate from the sinoatrial (SA) node). These include normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, and sinus tachycardia.

This chapter reviews junctional rhythms (rhythms that originate from the atrioventricular (AV) node). These include idiopathic junctional rhythm, junctional bradycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, and junctional tachycardia.

This chapter reviews ventricular rhythms (rhythms that originate from the ventricles). These include premature ventricular complexes (PVC), ventricular couplets, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes (TdP), and ventricular fibrillation.

This chapter reviews atrial rhythms (rhythms that originate from the atria). These include premature atrial complexes (PAC), ectopic atrial rhythms, atrial bradycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and multifocal atrial tachycardia.

This chapter reviews supraventricular tachycardia. specifically, it covers a fast rhythm that originates from the atrioventricular (AV) node.

This chapter reviews asystole (no heart rhythm) and agonal rhythms (slow variable ventricular rhythms of a dying heart).

This chapter reviews pacemaker rhythms (rhythms that originate from a pacemaker). These include ventricular pacemaker rhythms and atrioventricular pacemaker rhythms.

This video goes over possible artifacts seen on the ECG and rhythm strips.

This lesson goes over atrioventricular (AV) blocks. It covers first-degree AV blocks, second-degree AV blocks (Mobitz 1 [Wenckebach] and Mobitz 2), third-degree (complete) AV blocks, and 2:1 AV blocks

This chapter briefly reviews which heart rhythms are serious and may need immediate medical attention, and which rhythms are overall benign.

This lesson tells about ECGs and how the ECG machine translates the electrical activity of the heart into an ECG graph.

This video shows you the proper position to place the electrodes on a patient to obtain an ECG.

This lesson teaches how to calculate the QRS axis and determine if it is normal. It reviews conditions that cause left axis deviation, right axis deviation, and superior axis.

Although this material is covered in the arrhythmia section of this course, this video gives a great summary of normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms in a single, short video.

This video teaches a quick and easy way to identify left and right atrial abnormality.

This chapter teaches how to identify left and right ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG. It also describes secondary ST and T wave changes that might accompany these conditions.

This video teaches how to identify left and right bundle branch blocks, non-specific intraventricular conduction delays, and left anterior- and left posterior-fascicular blocks.

This important lesson shows how to identify myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarctions. It shows how to diagnose an acute myocardial infarction and then goes through the evolutionary ST and T changes that occur over time. You'll learn to recognize acute, recent, age-undetermined, and old myocardial infarctions on the ECG.

This lesson teaches the differences between primary ST and T wave changes, as seen in ischemia, from secondary ST and T wave changes, as seen in conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy.

This video teaches you to recognize low QRS voltage and then gives you a brief differential diagnosis of urgent/emergent conditions that cause low QRS voltage. This is important to recognize since some of the causes of low voltage are life-threatening and need immediate attention.

This video teaches about ECG changes from hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

This video goes over the effects of digoxin on the ECG and reviews several medication classes that prolong the QT interval.

This section teaches how to identify the ECG changes from preexcitation and Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome.

This chapter shows you a step-by-step approach to reading ECGs and takes you through an example.

This chapter reviews the basics of electrocardiography for understanding arrhythmias. Topics include calibrations, waveforms, intervals, basic conduction and the ECG layout.

This chapter reviews multiple methods for determining the heart rate on an ECG or rhythm strip.

This chapter reviews how to name heart rhythms including those that originate from the sinus node, the atrioventricular node (junction), the ventricles, and the atria. It also reviews how to name the ventricular rates in patients with atrial fibrillation.

This chapter reviews sinus rhythms and sinoatrial exit blocks. Topics covered include normal sinus rhythm; sinus bradycardia; sinus tachycardia; sinus arrhythmia; sinus pauses; sinus arrest; and sinoatrial exit blocks.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for atrial arrhythmias including premature atrial complexes (PACs/APCs); ectopic atrial rhythm; atrial bradycardia; atrial tachycardia; paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT); multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT); wandering atrial pacemaker; atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for junctional rhythms. These include idiopathic junctional rhythms, junctional bradycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, junctional tachycardia, and brief descriptions of reentrant junctional rhythms (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia [AVNRT]; atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia [AVRT]).

This chapter reviews the ECG changes associated with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). It is divided into two parts. Part 1 gives brief definitions and descriptions of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Part 2 describes these in much more detail.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for ventricular arrhythmias including premature ventricular complexes (PVCs); fusion beats; idioventricular rhythms; accelerated idioventricular rhythms; ventricular tachycardia; ventricular flutter; ventricular fibrillation and torsades de pointes. Other topics include fusion beats, capture beats, interpolated PVCs, compensatory pauses, and non-compensatory pauses.

This chapter reviews criteria for telling the difference between ventricular beats and supraventricular beats with aberrancy. Each criterion is detailed and several ECGs are used as examples.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for atrioventricular (AV) blocks including first-degree AV block; second degree AV block, Mobitz 1; second degree AV block, Mobitz 2; third degree AV block; and 2:1 AV block.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for atrioventricular (AV) dissociation.

This chapter reviews ECG findings associated with pacemakers. It is divided into three parts. Part 1 discusses pacemaker nomenclature, normal pacemaker function, and identifying a pacemaker on an electrocardiogram. Part 2 reviews other pacemaker features and their associated ECG findings. This includes Fusion Beats; Pseudofusion Beats; Unipolar Pacing; Bipolar Pacing; Lower Rate Limit; Upper Rate Tracking Limit. Part 3 goes over ECG findings that suggest pacemaker malfunction.

This brief video describes the purpose and goals of this course.

This chapter reviews the basics of electrocardiography for understanding arrhythmias. Topics include calibrations, waveforms, intervals, basic conduction and the ECG layout.

This chapter reviews ECG lead placement and setup. Topics include bipolar leads, unipolar leads, lead position, right-sided leads, posterior leads, the Lewis lead, transesophageal leads, modified chest leads (MCL), and other lead configurations.

This chapter gives a demonstration of proper 12-lead ECG electrode placement. It includes both the limb leads and chest leads.

This chapter reviews normal and abnormal axes as well as two methods for calculating the axis. This includes the P-wave axis, the QRS axis and the T-wave axis.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for left atrial abnormality, right atrial abnormality and biatrial abnormality.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and biventricular hypertrophy (BVH).

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for right and left bundle branch blocks, non-specific intraventricular conduction delays, and incomplete right and left bundle branch blocks. Part 1 of this chapter suggests a simple way to memorize the criteria; part 2 describes an analogy to help more fully understand why these changes are seen on the ECG.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for left anterior and posterior fascicular blocks.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for myocardial ischemia, injury and infarction. Part 1 details the general findings on the ECG; Part 2 details why the electrocardiogram machine sees these particular changes.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for myocardial ischemia, injury and infarction. Part 1 details the general findings on the ECG; Part 2 details why the electrocardiogram machine sees these particular changes.

This chapter reviews primary and secondary ST and T wave changes. It is divided into two sections. Part 1 goes over the characteristic ECG findings of ST and T wave changes; and Part 2 reviews myocardial physiology and how the ECG machine see ST and T wave changes.

This chapter reviews the QT Interval. Topics include correctly measuring the QT interval, correcting the QT interval for the heart rate (QTc), and causes of prolonged and short QT intervals.

This chapter reviews the ECG changes associated with pericarditis.

This chapter reviews the ECG changes seen with central nervous system abnormalities (in particular, intracranial hemorrhages).

This chapter reviews the ECG changes associated with dextrocardia.

This chapter reviews the ECG criteria for electrolyte abnormalities including hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. Sodium and magnesium abnormalities are touched upon.

This chapter reviews ECG changes associated with digoxin, and antiarrhythmic agents. It also reviews medications that can prolong the QT interval.

This chapter reviews the ECG changes associated with hypothermia.

This chapter reviews ECG changes associated with preexcitation, Wolff Parkinson White (WPW Syndrome, Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachyarrhythmias (AVRT), and Atrioventricular Nodal-Type Bypass Tracts.

This chapter reviews the ECG characteristics of lead reversal. This includes: arm lead reversal and arm/leg lead reversal.

This chapter reviews transition. This includes the definitions and causes of normal transition, early transition and late transition.

This chapter reviews poor R wave progression and R wave reversal. It goes through an algorithm that can be used to determine the cause of poor R wave progression and show multiple ECGs as examples.

This chapter reviews ECG topics not found in other chapters. These include: Non-specific ST and T changes; Low QRS voltage; R on T ventricular complexes; Brugada syndrome; Short PR intervals; ECG changes with pulmonary emboli; ECG changes considered pulmonary disease pattern; Electrical alternans; Interpolated premature ventricular complexes; Compensatory and non-compensatory pauses; Epsilon waves; Changes on the ECG from an internal cardiac defibrillator.

This chapter reviews ECG topics not found in other chapters. These include: Early repolarization; and artifact.

This chapter details a systematic approach to interpreting electrocardiograms. The method is explained and then I take you through the approach on three practice ECGs.

During this chapter, we will practice reading electrocardiograms using the ECG reading format outlined in the “Guidelines For Electrocardiogram Interpretation” chapter. I will take you step-by-step through the process and interpret several electrocardiograms. (ECG #1-3)

During this chapter, we will practice reading electrocardiograms using the ECG reading format outlined in the “Guidelines For Electrocardiogram Interpretation” chapter. I will take you step-by-step through the process and interpret several electrocardiograms. (ECG #4-7)

During this chapter, we will practice reading electrocardiograms using the ECG reading format outlined in the “Guidelines For Electrocardiogram Interpretation” chapter. I will take you step-by-step through the process and interpret several electrocardiograms. (ECG #8-10)

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this rhythm strip yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the findings.

On rhythm strips you only read the rhythm and the intervals. Do not try to do a full ECG interpretation as there is not enough data.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This is an ECG of a 28-year-old man in the Emergency Department with possible food poisoning. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This is an ECG of a 60-year-old woman. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Here is an interesting ECG. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings. In the end, clinical patient information is shared.

Here are six rhythm strips from a 48-hour Holter monitor. These strips were from a 76-year-old man being assessed for tachycardia. Each rhythm strip has a unique finding. Read each one and then listen to the detailed explanation. Different reading methods are used to assess the strips.

Remember to click on "Mark Complete" at the bottom of this page when you completed the lesson

This ECG is from a 60-year-old man. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings. In the end, clinical patient information is shared.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings. In the end, clinical patient information is shared.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 40-year-old woman. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Check out this ECG. There is a lot here. Be sure to follow the Executive Electrocardiogram Education ECG Reading Approach to be sure you do not miss anything. Pay close attention to the P-waves and the rhythm. Have fun and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 78-year-old man with substernal chest pressure. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 53-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with palpitations. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 77-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with a cough. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 26-year-old woman with a history of palpitations and near-syncope. Pay close attention to the rhythm. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

There was no clinical information at the time the ECG was received. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Read this ECG yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 70-year old man. There is no clinical history. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

Please read this ECG from an asymptomatic 69-year-old man, seen in the cardiology office for a routine check-up. When you are done listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from an 85-year old woman seen during a routine cardiology office visit. She is asymptomatic. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 71-year old man who is asymptomatic. Read this ECG and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 77-year-old woman. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

With this ECG, we will take a completely different approach to the interpretation. I want you to look at the diagnoses made by the computer, and see if you agree or disagree. You need to defend your positions. After making your decisions, listen to the detailed explanations. You may want to read the ECG from beginning to end, as usual, and make your final diagnoses. This ECG is from an asymptomatic 84-year-old woman seen in the office.

Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 89-year old man during a routine office visit. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 70-year-old man seen in the office. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This ECG is from a 75-year-old woman seen in a cardiology office setting. Read it yourself and then listen to the detailed explanation of the ECG findings.

This chapter defines point of care echocardiography and the objectives of this video course

This chapter reviews cardiac anatomy. It shows the heart in the chest and the position of all four (4) cardiac chambers in relationship to the whole heart and chest cavity.

This chapter takes a close look at the Probe/Transducer: Topics include probe anatomy (head, tail, and notch); and probe movements (rocking, tilting, rotating, sliding, and translation).

This chapter reviews the different echocardiographic views. Topics include:  Parasternal long axis; right ventricular inflow tract; right ventricular outflow tract; parasternal short axis at the levels of the mid ventricle, mitral valve, and aortic valve; apical four-chamber; apical five-chamber; apical two-chamber; apical three-chamber; subcostal; inferior vena cava; hepatic vein; and suprasternal.

This chapter review general cardiac chamber sizes and left and right ventricular wall thickness. Topics include Normal and abnormal left ventricular and right ventricular size and wall thickness; normal and abnormal atrial sizes; and aortic root size.

This chapter details the different segments and walls of the left ventricle. Topics include Anterior wall; anterior and inferior septum; inferior wall; and anterior and inferior lateral wall.

This chapter reviews left ventricular function and the ejection fraction. Topics include Contractility and wall motion; normal systolic function; systolic dysfunction; hyperdynamic function; ejection fraction; and segmental wall motion abnormalities.

This chapter reviews right ventricular size and function. Topics include Normal right ventricular function; right ventricular dysfunction; right ventricular pressure and volume overload; and McConnell’s sign.

This chapter examines the inferior vena cava. Topics include Normal and abnormal inferior vena cava size and inspiratory collapse; and estimating the right atrial pressure.

This chapter discusses and shows examples of color flow Doppler.

This chapter details and shows examples of various valvular abnormalities. Topics include Mitral stenosis; mitral regurgitation; aortic stenosis; aortic regurgitation; and tricuspid regurgitation.

This chapter shows how to identify various cardiac masses and vegetations.

This chapter discusses and shows examples of pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade, and pleural effusions.

This chapter defines and shows examples of aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections.

This chapter explains my approach to reading echocardiograms accurately and efficiently.