Nurse Practitioner's (APN) and Physician Assistant's (PA) Bundle

This chapter reviews the important, basic cardiac anatomy and physiology needed to read electrocardiograms and rhythm strips. This includes the cardiac chambers, valves, electrical system, and circulatory system.

This chapter reviews the cardiac muscle action potential.

This chapter reviews how the ECG machine sees electrical impulses and translates them into the waves seen on the ECG.

This chapter reviews how the cardiac impulse propagates through the heart. Impulses typically start in the sinoatrial (SA) node, go through the atria, the atrioventricular (AV) node, and into the ventricles.

This video shows you the ECG calibrations.

This chapter reviews electrical waveforms. Topics include P-waves, QRS complexes, and T-waves. It reviews Q-waves, R-waves, S-waves, R prime (R'), R double prime (R''), S prime (S'), and S double prime (S'').

This chapter reviews the intervals of the electrical waveforms. Topics include the PR interval, QRS interval, and QT interval.

This chapter reviews telemetry monitors and basic telemetry setups.

This chapter reviews how to properly name rhythms. It emphasizes that rhythms are named by their location of origin and something about the heart rate.

This chapter shows several ways to determine the heart rate on an ECG or telemetry strip.

This chapter reviews sinus rhythms (rhythms that originate from the sinoatrial (SA) node). These include normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, and sinus tachycardia.

This chapter reviews junctional rhythms (rhythms that originate from the atrioventricular (AV) node). These include idiopathic junctional rhythm, junctional bradycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, and junctional tachycardia.

This chapter reviews ventricular rhythms (rhythms that originate from the ventricles). These include premature ventricular complexes (PVC), ventricular couplets, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes (TdP), and ventricular fibrillation.

This chapter reviews atrial rhythms (rhythms that originate from the atria). These include premature atrial complexes (PAC), ectopic atrial rhythms, atrial bradycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and multifocal atrial tachycardia.

This chapter reviews supraventricular tachycardia. specifically, it covers a fast rhythm that originates from the atrioventricular (AV) node.

This chapter reviews asystole (no heart rhythm) and agonal rhythms (slow variable ventricular rhythms of a dying heart).

This chapter reviews pacemaker rhythms (rhythms that originate from a pacemaker). These include ventricular pacemaker rhythms and atrioventricular pacemaker rhythms.

This video goes over possible artifacts seen on the ECG and rhythm strips.

This lesson goes over atrioventricular (AV) blocks. It covers first-degree AV blocks, second-degree AV blocks (Mobitz 1 [Wenkebach] and Mobitz 2), third-degree (complete) AV blocks, and 2:1 AV blocks

This chapter briefly reviews which heart rhythms are serious and may need immediate medical attention, and which rhythms are overall benign.

Final Instructions to obtain your certificate of Completion - - - - - Do not complete this section until all videos are watched and "Marded Complete."

This lesson tells about ECGs and how the ECG machine translates the electrical activity of the heart into an ECG graph.

This video shows you the proper position to place the electrodes on a patient to obtain an ECG.

This lesson teaches how to calculate the QRS axis and determine if it is normal. It reviews conditions that cause left axis deviation, right axis deviation, and superior axis.

Although this material is covered in the arrhythmia section of this course, this video gives a great summary of normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms in a single, short video.

This video teaches a quick and easy way to identify left and right atrial abnormality.

This chapter teaches how to identify left and right ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG. It also describes secondary ST and T wave changes that might accompany these conditions.

This video teaches how to identify left and right bundle branch blocks, non-specific intraventricular conduction delays, and left anterior- and left posterior-fascicular blocks.

This important lesson shows how to identify myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarctions. It shows how to diagnose an acute myocardial infarction and then goes through the evolutionary ST and T changes that occur over time. You'll learn to recognize acute, recent, age-undetermined, and old myocardial infarctions on the ECG.

This lesson teaches the differences between primary ST and T wave changes, as seen in ischemia, from secondary ST and T wave changes, as seen in conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy.

This video teaches you to recognize low QRS voltage and then gives you a brief differential diagnosis of urgent/emergent conditions that cause low QRS voltage. This is important to recognize since some of the causes of low voltage are life-threatening and need immediate attention.

This video teaches about ECG changes from hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

This video goes over the effects of digoxin on the ECG and reviews several medication classes that prolong the QT interval.

This section teaches how to identify the ECG changes from preexcitation and Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome.

This chapter shows you a step-by-step approach to reading ECGs and takes you through an example.

Final Instructions to obtain your certificate of Completion - - - - - Do not complete this section until all videos are watched and "Marded Complete."

Here is the ECG for January 2022. It is from a 77-year old woman. Make your interpretation and then watch and listen to Dr. Siegal's interpretation.

With this ECG for 2/2022, we will take a completely different approach to the interpretation. I want you to look at the diagnoses made by the computer, and see if you agree or disagree. You need to defend your positions. After making your decisions, listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed explanations. You may want to read the ECG from beginning to end, as usual, and make your final diagnoses. This ECG is from an asymptomatic 84-year-old woman seen in the office.

Here is the ECG for March 2022. Please read it yourself and then Dr. Siegal will read it with you.

Here is the ECG for April 2022. It is from an 89-year old man, during a routine office visit. Please read it yourself and then Dr. Siegal will read it with you.

Here is Practice ECG 38. It is from a 70-year-old man seen in the office. Please read it yourself and then Dr. Siegal will read it with you.

Here is practice ECG 39. It is from a 75-year-old woman seen in a cardiology office setting. Please read it yourself and then I'll read it with you.

Check out this ECG for January 2021. There is a lot here. Be sure to follow the EEE-ECG Reading Approach to be sure not to miss anything. Pay close attention to the P waves and the rhythm. Have fun and then I will read it with you.

Here is the ECG for February 2021. It is from a 78-year-old man with substernal chest pressure. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for March 2021. It is from a 53-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with palpitations. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for April 2021. It is from a 77-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with a cough. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for May 2021. It is from a 26-year-old woman with a history of palpitations and near-syncope. Pay close attention to the rhythm. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for June 2021. There is no clinical information at the time the ECG was received. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for July 2021. Read it yourself, and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for August 2021. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for September 2021. It is from a 70-year old man. There is no clinical history. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Please read this ECG from an asymptomatic 69-year-old man, seen in the cardiology office for a routine check-up. When you are done, I will read it with you.

This ECG is from an 85-year old woman seen during a routine cardiology office visit. She is asymptomatic. Read this ECG and then I will read it with you.

This ECG is from a 71-year old man who is asymptomatic. Read this ECG and then I will read it with you.

Here is an interesting ECG. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation. In the end, clinical patient information is shared.

Here are six rhythm strips from a 48-hour Holter monitor for February 2020. The strips were from a 76-year-old man being assessed for tachycardia. Each rhythm strip has a unique finding. Read each one and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed explanation. Different reading methods are used to assess the strips.

Here is the ECG for March 2020. This is from a 60-year-old man. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for April 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for May 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation. In the end, clinical patient information is shared.

Here is the ECG for June 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation. In the end, clinical patient information is shared.

Here is the ECG for July 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for August 2020. This ECG is from a 40-year-old woman. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for September 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for October 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for November 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Here is the ECG for December 2020. Read it and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

ECG of a 28-year-old man in the Emergency Department with possible food poisoning. Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

ECG of a 60-year-old woman. Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.

Read this ECG and then listen to Dr. Siegal's detailed interpretation.